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Best cars of the 20th century
December 21, 1998 BY DAN JEDLICKA AUTO REPORTER We are in the last model year of this century, which saw the birth of hundreds of car nameplates. So which autos were the most important in the car's first 100 years?
The question may cause some to think of sleek, fast cars for millionaires. There were a few such cars among the most important autos because they had advanced features that influenced vehicle design. But many were humble and affordable and still had much influence on the auto industry.
Here are the most important cars of the century:
1908 Cadillac: Cars with standardized parts were unheard of in Europe and uncommon in the United States near the beginning of the century. But the 1908 Cadillac won Britain's coveted DeWar trophy because of its superb parts interchangeability.
1908 Ford Model T: It was a cheap, simple, rugged auto that put the United States on wheels. In fact, by 1918, half the cars on earth were Model Ts.
1912 Cadillac: This was the first car to have an electric starter, eliminating the need for hazardous hand cranking to start an engine. Cadillac chief H.M. Leland was killed trying to crank-start a Cadillac. By 1916 most U.S. cars had an electric starter.
1914 Stutz Bearcat: This swashbuckling auto was the first U.S. sports car. It had a solid frame and was quite a sight with its rakish body, big bucket seats, barrel-size fuel tank and waist-high spoke wheels. The engine was huge.
1922 Lancia Lambda: Its specifications could be confused with those of a modern auto. It pioneered unit-body construction and had an independent front suspension, low center of gravity and overhead-camshaft engine.
1924 Bugatti Type 35: Created by fiery genius Ettore Bugatti, it was the quintessential Bugatti and a work of art. It dominated European racing and allowed talented independent drivers--not factory racers--a good change of winning for the first time.
1930-37 Duesenberg: This legendary, gorgeous car was for movie stars and millionaires. It mostly was clothed in custom bodies and the SJ model had a supercharged race-style engine that produced up to 400 horsepower. An SJ could hit 90 m.p.h. in second gear, when few cars could reach that speed in top gear.
1932 Ford V-8: It was the first high-performance car for the masses, allowing the first purchase of a V-8 auto for a low price. A far cry from the four-cylinder Model T.
1934 Citroen Traction Avant: This Citroen had an amazing number of features that weren't in most cars until decades later. They included front-wheel drive, unit-body construction, overhead-valve engine and four-wheel independent suspension with torsion bars. The car lasted until 1957, becoming as much a universal symbol of France as the Eiffel Tower.
1936 BMW 328: The 328's design greatly influenced top post-World War II sports cars, including the 1948 Jaguar XK-120 and 1960s Ace Bristol. When most sports cars had running boards, the 328 had an streamlined body, hydraulic brakes and a high-rev, overhead-valve engine. It was an impressive race-winner.
1936-37 Cord 810-812: Its stunning body had retractable headlights and its potent V-8 was supercharged. Mechanical highlights included front-wheel drive, when that item was an oddity in the United States.
1936 Fiat Topolino: This tiny, streamlined Fiat put Italy on wheels. It ran practically forever on a tank of gas and had hydraulic brakes, independent front suspension and even a sliding roof.
1945 MG TC: It single-handedly introduced most Americans to foreign sports cars. It was affordable, rugged and rakish, with items such as cut-down doors and wire wheels. While not very fast, it outhandled the most costly U.S. cars.
1945 Volkswagen Beetle: It's still being made, despite its 1930s design. Economical and cheap, the high-quality Beetle became a cult car long ago.
1945 Willys Jeep: The civilian version of the World War II combat Jeep was used on everything from ranches to oil fields--and led to the creation of the sport/utilty vehicle.
1948 Jaguar XK-120: Tough and fast with a spectacular body, it was the first affordable, comfortable, semi-exotic sports car. Movie stars bought it, along with many regular folks who had a few extra bucks to spare.
1949 Citroen 2CV: This small car was France's version of the Model T and put that country on wheels. While comical-looking, it was cheap, unbreakable and used hardly any fuel.
1949 Oldsmobile Rocket 88: The 88 offered a terrific blend of styling and performance. It had--with the much costlier Cadillac--Detroit's first high-compression, overhead-valve V-8 that turned family men into hot rodders.
1955 Citroen DS19: This fuel-stingy French sedan looked odd to Americans but had a bunch of futuristic items including front-wheel-drive, great aerodynamics and an advanced hydropneumatic suspension.
1955 Chrysler C-300: This big, posh, cleanly styled coupe was the world's first production 300-horsepower car, and you didn't have to be rich to own it.
1959 Austin/Morris Mini: This ingenious shoebox of a car greatly influenced small car design. It had a remarkably roomy interior, sideways mounted engine with integral gearbox and front-wheel drive. It gave sophisticated, low-cost motoring to the British masses--and became the darling of Swinging London in the 1960s.
1963 Chevrolet Corvette Sting Ray: It rocked the auto world, with a breathtaking body, powerful fuel-injected V-8 and all-independent suspension that made the Ferrari suspension dated. This was a Chevrolet? Yes, but it had been created by General Motors' top designers, engineers and racers.
1964-66 Ford Mustang: It started the mass sporty car market in the United States, with superb styling and a variety of body body styles, engines and equipment. There was a model for everyone from high school students and street racers to senior citizens. And it seemed like everyone bought one.
1965-66 Chevrolet Corvair Corsa: One of the most sophisticated cars ever from Detroit, its body looked exotic and its Corvette-style independent rear suspension eliminated handling complaints about pre-1965 Corvairs. It was the closest thing to an American Porsche, with an air-cooled, rear-mounted engine that ran practically forever and could be had with a turbocharger.
1983 Audi 5000: It was the first modern streamlined mass-produced sedan, with such things as a slick body, flush-mounted glass and bumpers, steeply raked windshield and deflectors to direct air from the body underside.
1990 Lexus LS400: It revolutionized the luxury car market. Costing far less than a Mercedes-Benz, it had an awesome V-8, outstanding quality and enough luxury and performance to send rivals back to the drawing board.
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